Soil Moisture
Soil moisture sensor
within the slope soil.
Landslide
1. Monitoring Background
In recent years, with the continuous advancement of scientific and technological means and the continuous improvement of informatization, the cross-disciplinary and mutual penetration have become increasingly in-depth. Slope prevention and control work, especially slope monitoring, has evolved from traditional, simple manual measurement using tools such as steel rulers and calipers, and single geodetic and leveling methods to monitor displacement and deformation, to the use of modern measuring and monitoring instruments and equipment to implement real-time monitoring of the potential danger points, so as to promptly detect signs of slope changes and deformation, and grasp the occurrence and development trend of the slope. Wired and wireless transmission technologies are used to automatically collect and transmit the information obtained from instrument monitoring over long distances, as well as to analyze the service platform data for processing, and to issue early warning information in a timely manner so that effective prevention and control measures can be taken before and after the disaster occurs, minimizing or avoiding the loss of life and property caused by the slope.
2. System Overview
Conduct engineering surveys on potential hazards on the slopes, determine the content of monitoring projects and the layout of monitoring points, bury slope monitoring sensors (rainfall, surface displacement, deep displacement, retaining wall tilt, retaining wall cracks, retaining wall pressure, images, groundwater, sudden moisture content, anchor cable and anchor rod stress, ambient temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, etc.) at potential hazards, lay wireless data transmission systems, set up video monitoring, and coordinate equipment. The information obtained by the application of sensors is remotely and automatically collected, and the data service platform is processed to release early warning information in a timely manner. And provide technical support after the early warning. The main purposes are as follows:
1. Build a slope warning platform with functions such as disaster overview, professional monitoring, warning analysis, emergency inspection, and comprehensive management, so as to realize the scientific, information-based, standardized and visualized management of slope hazard prevention and control, and improve the overall quality, efficiency and management level of slope prevention and control;
2. Through professional monitoring equipment, build an automated monitoring system covering slope hazard points, improve the intelligent level of slope automated monitoring and warning, and enhance monitoring and warning capabilities.
3. By building a professional automated slope monitoring system, we can achieve a shift from passive disaster rescue to active disaster prevention, mitigation and avoidance, and protect people's lives and property.
Landslide Monitoring Systems
"The slope monitoring system dynamically assesses stability by collecting real-time environmental, deformation, and stress data, enabling early disaster warnings and providing scientific support for risk management and engineering decisions.
Safety Assurance
Early detection of hidden defects (e.g., foundation settlement, cable force attenuation) to prevent sudden structural failures.
Data-Driven Decisions
Leveraging big data analytics, it enables long-term structural health evaluation and trend forecasting to scientifically inform management decisions.
Early Warning
Establishes a multi-tiered alert system that automatically triggers alarms when monitoring data exceeds predefined thresholds, notifying relevant personnel for timely intervention—thus enabling preemptive risk mitigation.
Design Validation
Validate and refine future design standards/construction techniques by comparing monitoring data with design models.
Environmental Monitoring
Monitor environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity, rainfall, soil moisture) to assess climate impacts on slope stability.
Rainfall
Tipping-bucket rain gauge, piezoelectric rain gauge, optical rain gauge.
An open, unobstructed elevated location
Deformation Monitoring
Detect surface/deep soil displacements and settlement to identify deformation trends and landslide risks.
Surface Displacement
GNSS Station, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
Key positions on slope
Surface Relative Deformation
Wire extensometer, Machine vision monitoring, Deformation Radar
Slope surface
Differential Settlement
Liquid level sensor, Visual monitoring system
Slope surface.
Deep Soil Displacement
In-place inclinometer, Flexible inclinometer.
Critical sections of slope.
Rockfall
Rockfall radar/video.
Potential rockfall areas.
Retaining Wall Deformation
Tiltmeter, String/Wire Potentionmeter, etc.
Tilted or cracked sections of retaining wall.
Stress/Strain Monitoring
By monitoring stress, strain, and force parameters (e.g., retaining wall strain, soil pressure, groundwater seepage pressure) in critical slope areas, it assesses structural load distribution, material fatigue, and seepage stability, providing direct mechanical evidence to identify potential instability risks and validate the design rationality of protective structures..
Retaining Wall Concrete Surface Strain
Vibrating Wire Strain Gauge/FBG Strain Gauge/Resistance Strain Gauge
Critical sections of retaining wall.
Soil Pressure
Earth Pressure Cell/Soil Pressure Gauge
Retaining wall/structure interfaces or key soil stratification layers.
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometer
saturated zones of potential slip bands, critical nodes of groundwater seepage paths (e.g., soil layer interfaces, near drainage trenches)
Underground Water Level
Piezometer, Submersible level transducer
Slope toes, catchment areas, or geological boreholes/monitoring wells (avoiding surface runoff interference).
System Function
Data Dashboard
Customized data dashboards to meet different customer needs and display various data information.
Real-time Monitoring
24-hour uninterrupted real-time monitoring.
Early Warning
According to the different range of monitoring and control indicators, the early warning is divided into three levels for monitoring process management, and the monitoring data is compared with the three-level early warning value to determine the monitoring and early warning level of the site. And through the platform, SMS and email to notify the relevant responsible person.
Data Analysis
Includes various analysis methods such as comparative analysis, correlation analysis, time-domain analysis, and frequency-domain analysis.
Inspection and Maintenance
Develop inspection plans, record, repair, and maintain diseased parts.
Report Generation
Users can formulate different report generation rules based on customized report templates and general report templates to automatically generate the monitoring data reports they need.
Safety Assessment
Combine inspection record data, monitoring data, and detection data to assign weighted scores to different parts of the structure, and finally obtain the overall safety score of the structure.
Design Basis/Standards
Engineering Standards & Regulations
Standard for Quality Inspection and Evaluation of Highway Engineering
JTG F80/1-2017
Specifications for quality control and assessment in highway construction projects.
Technical Code for Building Slope Engineering
GB50330-2013
Design and construction requirements for building slope engineering projects.
Code for Investigation of Geotechnical Engineering
GB50021-2009
Standard procedures for geotechnical site investigations and soil testing.
Code for Investigation of Landslide Prevention Engineering
GB32864-2016
Guidelines for investigating landslide-prone areas and prevention engineering.
Specifications for Global Positioning System (GPS) Surveying
GB/T18314-2009
Technical specifications for GPS-based surveying and positioning systems.
Code for Engineering Survey
GB 55018-2021
Comprehensive standards for engineering surveying practices and methodologies.
Slope Investigation & Monitoring
Code for Investigation of Slope Engineering
YS/T5230-2019
Standard procedures for slope engineering investigations and analysis.
Code for Monitoring of Geotechnical Engineering
YS/T5229-2019
Guidelines for monitoring geotechnical parameters and structural behavior.
Code for Investigation of Landslide, Collapse and Debris Flow Disaster
DZ T 0261-2014
Investigation methods for geological hazards including landslides and debris flows.
Code for Monitoring and Measurement of Landslide and Collapse
DZ/T 0227-2004
Procedures for monitoring and measuring landslide and collapse activities.
Code for Monitoring Collapse, Landslide and Debris Flow
DZ/T 0221-2006
Comprehensive monitoring standards for geological hazards and slope instability.
Collapse Monitoring Specification (Trial)
T/CAGHP 007-2018
Experimental specifications for monitoring collapse events and prevention measures.
Project Documentation
Relevant Construction Design Drawings of Slope
Detailed technical drawings and specifications for project-specific slope engineering designs.
Other Relevant National or Industrial Norms and Mandatory Standards
Comprehensive collection of all supplementary mandatory documents related to slope monitoring and geotechnical engineering.
